本章介绍一些通用的基本云架构模型。

11.1 负载分布架构(workload distribution architecture)

通过增加一个或多个相同的IT资源可以进行IT资源水平扩展,而提供运行中逻辑的负载均衡器能够在可用的IT资源上均匀分配工作负载。

负载分布常常可以用来支持分布式虚拟服务器、云存储设备和云服务,因此,这种基本架构模型可以应用于任何IT资源。
应用于特殊IT资源的特殊变化的负载分布架构:
(1)服务负载均衡架构
(2)负载均衡的虚拟服务器架构(第十二章)
(3)负载均衡的虚拟交换机架构(第十三章)
该云架构的组件部分:
(1)基本负载均衡器机制(不是很重要)
(2)可以应用负载均衡的虚拟服务器(不是很重要)
(3)云存储设备机制(不是很重要)
(4)审计监控器(Audit Monitor)
(5)云使用监控器(Cloud Usage Monitor)
(6)虚拟机监控器(Hypervisor)
(7)逻辑网络边界(Logical Network Perimeter)
(8)资源集群(Resource Cluster)
(9)资源复制(Resource Replication)
 

11.2资源池架构(resource pooling architecture)

资源池架构以使用一个或多个资源池为基础,其中相同的IT资源由一个系统进行分组和维护,以自动确保它们保持同步。
常见的资源池:






可以将单个资源池集合为一个更大的资源池:

资源池可以建立层次结构,形成嵌套关系。

下述机制也可是该架构的一部分:
(1)审计监控器(Audit Monitor)
(2)云使用监控器(Cloud Usage Monitor)
(3)虚拟机监控器(Hypervisor)
(4)逻辑网络边界(Logical Network Perimeter)
(5)按使用付费监控器(Pay-Per-Use Monitor)
(6)远程管理系统(Remote Administration System)
(7)资源管理系统(Resource Management System)
(8)资源复制(Resource Replication)
 

11.3 动态可扩展架构(Dynamic Scalability Architecture)

它基于预先定义扩展条件的系统,触发这些条件会导致从资源池中动态分配IT资源。
自动扩展监听器配置配置了负载阈值,已决定合适为工作负载的处理添加新IT资源。根据给定云用户的供给合同条款来提供该机制,并配以决定可动态提供的额外IT资源数量的逻辑。
常用的动态扩展的类型:
(1)动态水平扩展(Dynamic Horizontal Scaling)——向内或向外扩展IT资源实例,以便处理负载的变化。按照需求和权限,自动扩展监听器请求资源复制,并发信号启动IT资源复制。
(2)动态垂直扩展(Dynamic Vertical Scaling)——当需要调整单个IT资源实例,向上或向下扩展IT资源实例。
(3)动态重定位(Dynamic Relocation)——将IT资源重放置到跟大容量的主机上.



以下机制也被用于这种形式的云架构中:
(1)云使用监控器(Cloud Usage Monitor)
(2)虚拟机监控器(Hypervisor)
(3)按使用付费监控器(Pay-Per-Use Monitor)
 

11.4弹性资源容量架构(elastic resource capacity architecture)

主要与虚拟服务器的动态供给相关,利用分配和回收CPU与RAM资源的系统,立即响应托管IT资源的处理请求变化。


在响应时,虚拟服务器和其托管的应用程序与IT资源时垂直扩展的。
智能自动化引擎:
通过执行包含工作流逻辑的脚本来自动执行管理任务。

 
该云架构还包含额外机制:
(1)云使用监控器(Cloud Usage Monitor)
(2)按使用付费监控器(Pay-Per-Use Monitor)
(3)资源复制(Resource Replication)
 

11.5服务负载均衡架构(Service Load Balancing Architecture)

可以认为是工作负载分布架构的一个特殊变种。
它专门针对扩展云服务实现的。在动态分布工作负载上增加负载均衡系统,就创建了云服务的冗余部署。
云服务实现的副本被组织为一个资源池,而负载均衡器则作为外部或内置组件,允许托管服务器自行平衡负载。


还包含其他机制:
(1)云使用监控器(Cloud Usage Monitor)
(2)资源集群(Resource Cluster)
(3)资源复制(Resource Replication)
 

11.6云爆发架构(cloud bursting architecture)

建立了一种动态扩展的形式,只要达到预先设置的阈值,就从企业内部的IT资源扩展或爆发到云中。
相应的基于云的IT资源是冗余性预部署,他们会保持非活跃状态,直到云爆发。
当不在需要这些资后,基于云的IT资源被释放,而云架构则爆发入企业内部,回到企业内部环境。
云爆发架构是弹性的扩展架构。基础是自动扩展监听器和资源复制机制。
自动扩展监听器:决定何时将请求重定向到基于云的IT资源。
资源复制机制:维护企业内部和基于云的IT资源之间的状态信息的同步。

 

11.7弹性磁盘供给架构(Elastic Disk Provisioning Architecture)

建立了一个动态存储供给系统,它确保按照云用户的实际使用的存储量进行精确计费。
该系统采用采用自动精简供给技术实现存储空间的自动分配,并进一步支持运行时使用监控来收集准确的使用数据以便计费。



还包含以下机制:
(1)云使用监控器(Cloud Usage Monitor)
(2)资源复制(Resource Replication)
 

11.8 冗余存储架构(Redundant Storage Architecture)


该架构引入了复制的辅云存储设备作为故障系统的一部分,它要与主云存储设备中的数据保持同步。当主设备失效时,存储设备网关就把云用户请求转向辅设备。



 
存储复制:是资源复制机制的一种变体,用于将数据从主存储设备同步或异步地复制到辅存储设备。
它可以用于复制部分或全部LUN。

通常情况下主存储设备与辅存储设备放置在不同的物理地址上。
 
典型例题:
一、选择
1:        B          can  provide runtime logic capable of evenly distributing the workload among the available IT resources
A.physical servers     B. a load balance      C. virtual servers     D. VIM
2:       D        is based on the use of one or more resource pools, in which identical IT resources are grouped and maintained by a system that automatically ensures that they remain synchronized

  1. Zero Downtime Architecture       B. Dynamic Failure Detection and Recovery Architecture
  2. Non-Disruptive Service Relocation Architecture   D. A resource pooling architecture

3:  B       is an architectural model based on a system of predefined scaling conditions that trigger the dynamic allocation of IT resources from resource pools.

  1. Zero Downtime Architecture      B. The dynamic scalability architecture
  2. Non-Disruptive Service Relocation Architecture D. A resource pooling architecture

4:  A   is primarily related to the dynamic provisioning of virtual servers, using a system that allocates and reclaims CPUs and RAM in immediate response to the fluctuating processing requirements of hosted IT resources
A.The elastic resource capacity architecture B. The dynamic scalability architecture

  1. Non-Disruptive Service Relocation Architecture    D. A resource pooling architecture

5: __ ___C___can be considered a specialized variation of the workload distribution architecture that is geared specifically for scaling cloud service implementations

  1. The elastic resource capacity architecture B. The dynamic scalability architecture
  2. The service load balancing architecture     D. A resource pooling architecture  

6: __C _establishes a form of dynamic scaling that scales or “bursts out” on-premise IT resources into a cloud whenever predefined capacity thresholds have been reached

  1. The elastic resource capacity architecture  B. The  dynamic scalability architecture
  2. The cloud bursting architecture       D. A resource pooling architecture

7: _ _B___establishes a dynamic storage provisioning system that ensures that the cloud consumer is granularly billed for the exact amount of storage that it actually uses.

  1. The elastic resource capacity architecture B. The  elastic disk provisioning architecture 
  2. The cloud bursting architecture     D. A resource pooling architecture

8: ___C ___introduces a secondary duplicate cloud storage device as part of a failover system that synchronizes its data with the data in the primary cloud storage device.

  1. The elastic resource capacity architecture  B. The elastic disk provisioning architecture
  2. The redundant storage architecture  D.  A resource pooling architecture

9: Provided here  is     B  

  1. Zero Downtime Architecture
  2. The dynamic scalability architecture
  3. Non-Disruptive Service Relocation Architecture
  4. A resource pooling architecture

10: ___A___is configured with workload thresholds that dictate when new IT resources need to be added to the workload processing

  1. The automated scaling listener  B. VIM     C. load balancers            D. LUNs

二、判断
1:workload distribution architecture reduces both IT resource over-utilization and under-utilization(T)
2:common examples of resource pools are  physical server pools 、virtual server pools、storage pools、network pools、CPU pools  and Pools of physical RAM.(T)
3: The dynamic scalability architecture reclaims  unnecessary IT resources  without requiring manual interaction.(T)
4: The load balancer can be built in as part of the application or server’s environment(T)
5: The foundation of The cloud bursting architecture  is based on the automated scaling listener and resource replication mechanisms.(T)
6: In  the elastic disk provisioning architecture, charges are predetermined by disk capacity and not aligned with actual data storage consumption.( F)
( In  the elastic disk provisioning architecture, charges are predetermined by disk capacity and  aligned with actual data storage consumption.)
7: In  The redundant storage architecture   ,  a storage service gateway diverts cloud consumer requests to the secondary device whenever the primary device fails.(T)
8: The redundant storage architecture   primarily relies on a storage replication system that keeps the primary cloud storage device synchronized with its duplicate secondary cloud storage devices(T)
9: workload distribution architecture  model  can be applied to any IT resource.(T)
10: Cloud bursting architecture  is a flexible scaling architecture.(T)
 
 


0 条评论

发表回复

Avatar placeholder

您的电子邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注